LIMBE cheifs protest irregular chinese fishing

Monday, 23 June 2008
Urgent Letter for Action Against Illegal Depletion of Fish Stocks in Victoria by Chinese Fishermen Working With Corrupt Cameroon Politicians
Republic of Cameroon Republique du Cameroun
Peace – Work – Fatherland

Paix – Travail - Patrie
Paramount Chieftaincy of Chefferie Superieure de
Limbe Limbe


Royal Traditional Council
Of the Paramount Chief
Appointed by His Late Majesty
Ferguson Bille Manga Williams
Officer of the Order of Valor
Conseil des Notables

Chief’s Palace,
Market Lane, Down Beach
Limbe

Saturday,14th June 2008


To All Elites and Chiefs of Fako,
Chief S.M.L.Endeley,
Chief Ephraim Inoni,
Mr Mafany Musonge
Mr Njoh Litumbe
Mr GBL Mofoke
Chief David Molinge
Chief Etina Monono,
Chief Samuel Ekum,
Mme Dorothy Njeuma,
Prof. Ndiva Kofele Kale,
Justice Eyole Monono
Mme Rachel Lyonga
Mme Lifaka,
Mr Goddy Membwange,
Mr Meoto Njie,
Mr Henry Njalla Quan,
Mr Samuel Lifanda etc
Mr Humphrey Monono
Mr. Daniel Matute,
Mr Mbella Moki Charles etc.

Sirs/Madames,

Open Letter in Fakonet to Fako Elites.
Protein Starvation of 100,000 people in Limbe, The Result Of Chinese Non Sustainable Fishing Practices Which Have Left Us Without Fish


1. How can we live by the sea and we have no fish? From time immemorial Fako has benefited from fresh and smoked fish bonga, barracuda and mololo which we used to eat our plantains and kwakoko. Is this going to end because of Chinese fishing trawlers and Mr Dima Gabriel of FINI Industries?


2. Following the death of Chief Ferguson Bille Manga Williams, the Paramount Chief, the Traditional Council which has been managing the traditional affairs of Limbe, pending the appointment of a new chief wishes to appeal to all persons of goodwill to save Limbe from the effects of Chinese fishing trawlers which have imposed protein starvation on this famous and important Cameroonian town. A calamity has befallen the people of Limbe and we, the members of the Council of the late Paramount Chief, are crying out to the Fako Elites to take action to save the population from this untenable situation.


3. A few months ago, Chinese fishing trawlers begun fishing in Limbe coastal waters and since then the 100,000 people of the sub-division who depend on fish as a major source of protein have been suffering completely from near total protein starvation.
4. Complaints from the population were taken to the Government and the Minster of Fisheries and Animal Industries banned twin trawling and compelled the FINI enterprises whose license is being exploited by the Chinese to move away from Limbe. Unfortunately, this was only a temporary situation as the Chinese are back and seem to have disregarded the ministerial order. Do Cameroonian ministers have no power? Why are the Chinese still hovering around when they have been asked to leave.?


5. The local fishermen of mixed Cameroonian and foreign background now catch little or no fish for the following reasons:


6. The twin trawling techniques used by the Chinese by which they attach a net to two trawlers and sweep the entire ocean, empties and catches all fish from the coastal waters is banned by international conventions.


7. The Chinese net mesh width is very small and violates Cameroonian- fishing regulations and also catches everything in its path destroying fish of all sizes and ages in a non-sustainable manner.


8. The Chinese in violation of fishing regulations for trawlers come too close to coastal waters and carry away the nets of local fishermen in their more powerful nets.


9. The Chinese also fish in mangrove swamps and creeks the nursery beds of fish and in a few years time our fishing beds shall be destroyed by these non sustainable techniques by which they catch a lot of fish now only to destroy the fishing beds for the future by their non sustainable methods.


10. Only a small quantity of fish caught by the Chinese is sold to Limbe canoes the rest is exported out of Cameroon by the trawlers at a profitable rate to themselves.
11. As a result of the practices above we are now suffering or shall suffer from the following consequences:


12. Total protein starvation for the lower and middle income classes in Limbe and environs a population of 100,000 people.


13. Cameroonians shall abandon the now profitless fishing trade particularly as nets purchased after a struggle by poor fishermen are being destroyed by trawlers fishing to close to costal waters in violation of fishing regulations and without compensation for such destroyed nets being paid.


14. Foreign fishermen of Benin , Togolese, Nigerian and Ghanaian origin who sometimes invest 20million to equip a single large boat or “awashaa” shall migrate to other countries by driving away with their canoes, further diminishing our local fish supply. The migration has already begun.


15. The indigenous communities of Wovia, Botaland, Bakingili, Batoke and Bimbia, all staunch supporters of the CPDM, who have always depended on fishing, shall be ruined and are now ruined almost completely.


16. Disempowerment of 1000 women in Limbe and environs who are involved in fish smoking.


17. The halt of the supply of smoked fish, strongkanda and other varieties which are carried to the western province, the center and south, the north and Chad from Limbe (Just as well as from other fishing ports)


18. Destruction of endangered species like Dolphins and Marine Turtles by the banned method of twin trawling.


19. Acceleration of the destruction of our fishing beds by the non-sustainable methods the Chinese have introduced into Cameroonian fishing. After each catch the Chinese throw away very small fishes they have caught.


20. The authorities put in place by government in Limbe for the control of fishing have been powerless to exercise their administrative duties because mobile phone calls from their administrative hierarchy have terrified them into inactivity and silence as powerful political, administrative and financial barons are behind the illegalities practiced by the Chinese. These persons are involved in leasing fishing licenses to the Chinese or are friends of the leasers. Chinese diplomatic pressure has apparently been brought to play in this matter and Cameroonian officials eager not to annoy the Chinese whose aid program is effective have engaged in a conspiracy of silence as mass protein starvation was imposed on their own people.


21. Acts of violence between the Chinese and local fishermen have increased as fights attacks and beatings have been recorded. We fear this could affect Cameroonian and Chinese relations if this source of conflict is not resolved.


22. . What do we now request of the government and the state? What do we want? We humbly request that the following measures should be considered by government:
23. The authorities should control the mesh width of Chinese nets.


24. Violators of regulations be dealt with in accordance with the laws in force by Fisheries and “Marine Marchand” who should not be disturbed by mobile phone calls from the corrupt hierarchy.


25. The Chinese practice of twin trawling should be banned.


26. The Chinese should maintain the distance from coastal waters and the continental shelf required by Cameroonian regulations.


27. They should pay for all nets they destroy.


28. They should sell their fish in Limbe and other Cameroonian towns so as to arrest protein starvation we are now experiencing rather than export this fish.


29. A ban on fish exports should be made to alleviate hunger until proper controls have been instituted to assure that Cameroonians have no shortage of fish.


30. Chinese trawlers have shown that they are not respecters of Cameroonian law and need to be handled with iron hands.


31. Corrupt officials whom they have compromised, and who have blocked the regulation of Chinese fishing should be dealt with in accordance with administrative practice.


32. The Council wishes to thank all persons and NGO’s who have so far made an effort to sensitise the authorities about this very serious problem. We hope that the Chinese who have shown they are good friends of Cameroon shall co-operate and respect our laws.


33. How can we live by the sea and we have no fish?

We remain, Faithfully Yours,
Members of the Council
Mr. Moki Monono: Secretary. 94430211,
Chief Emmanuel Matute Mbene: Quarter Head 99955819.
Chief Lisuke George Nganje: Quarter Head 77494691
Chief Shalman Mokumu: Quarter Head 74950063
Mr. George Burnley. Quarter Head 77494691
Mr. Duse Anthony: Quarter Head 77072838
Mr. Sammy Rhoom: Notable 99947726
Posted by Louis Mbua at 09:48

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militarization, migration and production of territory in 19th century Southern Africa: Zwangendaba's Jere

Plan de présentation production de territoire et migration armée

Introduction : présentation personnelle, sources, justification

Je voudrais remercier les organisateurs de cette journée d’étude sur la conception de l’espace appropriation du territoire en Afrique avant le 19^e siècle. Je ne suis pas spécialiste des questions liées a l’espace puisque c’est sur le les questions de main d’œuvre militaire et la formation de l’Etat que je travail. Mes recherches se focalisent sur la façon dont des responsables politique rassemble la main d’œuvre militaire afin de former des entités étatiques nouvelles ou de transformer les entités existantes. C’est la que je me suis dit que la construction des Etats en Afrique précoloniale européenne était essentiellement structurée par la conception des espaces privés et publics et par la façon dont les territoires sont créés. Payee quatorze mille

Plan :

Introduction

1. Historiographie et méthodologie

-

- Migration et production de territoires nouveaux (exemple de quelques groupes : Sotshangane, Mzilikazi, Zwangendaba, Nxaba, Maseko, Sebitwane, Mosheshe (Lesotho) and Sobhuza (swaziland)

-

2. Production de l’espace public

- La nature des territoires traversés. Il y avait pas moins de 50 groupements politiques entre la Lourenço Marques et le Zambèze.

-

3. Appropriation de territoire privé

4. Reflections sur leur conception du terriroire

Conclusion

a. Les sources pour l’histoire de cette période, surtout la région entre natal et le Lac Tanganyika n’abondent pas. Les principales sont les écrits des missionnaires, les documents de administration portugaise de Mozambique, quelques rapports privés des portugais, les sources des colons britanniques et des témoignages recueillis auprès des populations par les colons de la région.[1] Les témoignages Ngunis, si jamais il y en avait, ont été, pour la plupart, détruits ou égarés par les administrations coloniales.[2] Il n’y a donc pas beaucoup sinon des témoignages recueillis en début du 20^e siècle.

b. Des controverses sur les facteurs explicatifs des mouvements migratoires partant des cotes australes africaines au 19^e siècle. Appropriation du territoire et militarisation en Afrique australe pré-1821, le « mfecane aftermath » (conséquences du mfecane).

c. Migration et production de territoires nouveaux (exemple de six groupes : Sotshangane, Mzilikazi, Zwangendaba, Nxaba,

a. Zwangendaba : itinéraire, Installation, expansion, migration, Organisation politique/militaire et administrative,

d. Cette présentation se propose de saisir l’expansion territoriale instrumentée par la main d’œuvre militaire de migrants prédateurs et mercenaires. Ainsi, les bouleversements territoriaux consécutifs aux déplacements de ces migrants révèlent l’importance de deux critères de puissance (l’armée et la richesse) et contribuent soit a la consolidation voire à l’extension, soit à la déchéance des entités politiques des zones allant du Cape au Tabora.

e. Appropriation de « territoires privées ». Appropriation de territoire par les migrants. En échange de services militaires, des parcelles de terrains proches des frontières sont accordées aux nouveaux venus et servent de cordons sécuritaires pour des espaces dont les frontières n’étaient ni définitives ni connues.

f. Appropriation de territoire public. Appropriation de territoire grâce aux migrants. militarisation et conquete de territoire. Il s’agit aussi de voir comment ces refugiés vont s’organiser pour conquérir des territoires nouveaux. En échange de services militaires, des parcelles de terrains proches des frontières sont accordées aux nouveaux venus et servent de cordons sécuritaires pour des espaces dont les frontières n’étaient ni définitives ni connues.

g. Organisation sociale (agriculteurs, chasseurs et éleveurs.

h. Etat ambulant/ etat territorialisé,

Ce travail suggère que la quête de l’espace n’est pas une fin en soi, mais un moyen de contrôle des voies de commerce, des ressources naturelles et des terres cultivables. Il s’interroge en outre sur la dynamique de ces groupements politiques mobiles (Etats ambulants ?) à la recherche d’espaces territorialisés.

Conclusion : ethnogenèse de l’Etat Jete

Plan :

Introduction

1. Historiographie et méthodologie

- Les sources : les missionnaires, les portugais, les colons britanniques et des témoignages des ngunis à ceux-ci. Les témoignages Ngunis ont été, pour la plupart, détruits ou égarés par les administrations coloniales. La collecte des informations présente le problème de migration, dont d’instabilité.

- Des controverses sur les facteurs explicatifs des mouvements migratoires partant des cotes australes africaines au 19^e siècle. Appropriation du territoire et militarisation en Afrique australe pré-1821, le « mfecane aftermath » (conséquences du mfecane).

- exemple de quelques groupes : Sotshangane (parti avec son peuple Shangana des pays Ndwandwes et fonda l’empire Gaza au nord de la Baie de Delagoa dans les annees 1820, qui s’entendit de Limpopo au Zambeze) Mzilikazi, Zwangendaba, Nxaba, Maseko (partis des pays Nguni il s’installerent sur le territoire de Soshangane avant d’etre expulsés. Ils traverserent toute la pleine du Zambeze et s’installerent a l’est du Lac Nyassa), Sebitwane, Mosheshe (Lesotho) and Sobhuza (swaziland)

- Zwangendaba : il a conduit le groupe Jete du nord de Natal et traversé plus de 5000km avant de décéder autour de 1848 au pays de Fipa au sud du Lac Tanganyika. Il était un chef traditionnel et capitaine de l’armée dans le royaume Ndwandwe sous le règne de Zwide. En 1819, les Ndwandwe ont été vaincu par Chaka et leur royaume s’est effondrée. Zwangendaba a rassemblé ses sujets et pris la route vers le nord. Le nombre de ses sujets n’avait cessé de s’augmenter alors qu’il allait s’installer au nord de la Baie de Delagoa. En 1831, il a été contraint par Soshangane de partir vers le nord-ouest avec son peuple et de s’installer dans le royaume Rowzi donc la capitale est le Great Zimbabwe. La tranquillité et le commerce en or de ce royaume ancien ont été interrompus par la nouvelle tactique guerrière des conquérants qui tuèrent le chef Changamire et subjuguèrent les Shonas. Mais ces Nguni ne s’installèrent pas. Ils prirent la route vers le nord, détruisant tout sur leur chemin et traversèrent le Zambeze en 1835. Etant arrivé dans la Zambie actuelle, le groupe rencontra des Lounda (Kazembe et Bemba) trop difficile a vaincre et continuèrent jusqu’au pays Ufipa. Apres une rude bataille, les Fipa furent vaincus et le groupe Nguni fonda leur Etat entre le lac Tanganyika et Rukwa où Zwangendaba mourut.

A partir de ce moment, suite aux disputes de succession, les Jete se sont divisés en cinq groupes. Deux (Gwangara et Tuta) sont allees vers le nord, atteignant le lac Victoria. Les trois autres se sont reversees vers le sud, dominant les parties orientales de la Zambie et du Malawi. Mpenzi, l’un des fils de Zwangendaba a pris le contrôle d’un large territoire des Nsenga du Zambeze méridional. L’autre fils de Zwangendaba, Mombera, s’est imposé sur les Kamanga du nord du Malawi (des peuples sous son contrôle avaient tendance a se séparer soit pour retrouver leur Independence soit pour se soumettre a d’autres royaumes). Le 3^e groupe sous le contrôle de Ciwere Ndhlovu (un guerrier Nsenga qui avait reçu les faveurs de Zwangendaba) a amené son peuple vers la partie sud du Lac Nyassa, dominant les Cewa qui y vivaient.

- Ainsi, les bouleversements territoriaux consécutifs aux déplacements de ces migrants révèlent l’importance de deux critères de puissance (l’armée et la richesse) et contribuent soit a la consolidation voire à l’extension, soit à la déchéance des entités politiques des zones allant du Cape au Tabora. Nous allons essayer de saisir l’expansion territoriale instrumentée par la main d’œuvre militaire de migrants prédateurs et mercenaires.

2. Production de territoire public/etatique

3. Appropriation de territoire privé

4. Réflexions sur leur conception du territoire

- Conception composite du territoire du fait de la nature hétérogène des migrants.

-

Conclusion

5. Installation, expansion, migration

6. Organisation politique/militaire et administrative

7. Creation de l’espace public,

8. Creation de l’espace privé,

9. Organisation sociale (agriculteurs, chasseurs et eleveurs

10. Etat ambulant/ etat territorialisé,

11. Conclusion : ethnogenèse de l’Etat Jete

---

[1] Il y a les archives A.H.U. (Arquivo Hist6rico Ultramarino, Lisbon) et quelques A.H .M. (Arquivo Hist6rico de Mozambique, Lourengo Marques), qui n’a pas beaucoup de documents de la période avant 1850. Les comptes rendus des contemporains qui auraient pu donner des renseignements spécifiques sont assez rares. Il y a des archives de Salisbury, de Lusaka et de Malawi qui ne sont pas publiées. Certaines auditions ont ete realisees par D.P. Abraham dans les regions du Zimbabwe et du Zambeze. L’on peut aussi consulter les manuscrits de Julio Santos Peixe sur l’histoire des peoples de Vila Pery et de Dombe.

[2] Pour la region entre Lourenco Marques et le Zambeze, voire Gerhard Liesegang, “Nguni Migrations between Delagoa Bay and the Zambezi, 1821-1839,” African Historical Studies, 3, 2 (1970):317-337, qui fait le meme constat sur le manqué des sources sur les migrants Ngunis.

Why Marriage must be celebrated

Holy Communion shared at All Nations Church, Cameroon

What does it mean to break bread together?
The bread if the body of Christ that provides food for a hungry world, a world which produces much yet goes hungry. A workd that has appetite for everything else except the real bread of life. As Christ said, who ever does not eat of this bread is not part of the body of Christ, or born again christians.
The wine is the blood that flows from the wounded body on Calvary's Cross. It is the drink that quenches all thirst. Lots of people swim in oceans of sin, sail rivers of shame and navigate the waters of death, but have not tested the blood of Christ. The Blood will blot your sins and quench your thirst.
Blessings,
Ibrahim

CLimate change will risrupt the resonance of nature

This is a Cameroonian boy. Do you enjoy the boy, the birds and the green scenery? What if this cycle was destroyed?
Lots of people don't realise what it will cost 3/4 of Cameroonians living in rural areas if society continues the unbriddled distruction of nature. While many sites in rural reas remain intact from the global mobilizations against a change in human behavior regarding the climate, in most rural areas, little or nothing is known about what exactly is happening to our planet. This negligence of the greater part of our peoples raises a number of questions
1. Can we compare the level of climate change between rural and urban areas?
While urban areas are the principal cause of global warming, rural areas bare the highest consequences due to a. lack of health care, b. lack of sentization, c. lack of alternatives due to poverty, d. paying for the errors of town dwellers. Town dwellers make the destruction while rural dwellers pay for them.
2. What do rural dwellers get from sustainable development projects?
Little or nothing. Projects are handled by administrative bottle necks who fake reports, exagerate figures and swinddle funds. Besides, when natural resources are exploited from an area, aren't the population of the area to benefit from the outcome. Paying development dividents to governments does not in many cases benefit the local population. Paying to rural councils and setting up checks for funds use will enhance environmental protection
3. Are rural areas undergoing greater destruction that urban areas?
Not necessarily. All the big vehicles, appliances, factories and waste are found in towns. However, rural areas are more likely to destroy the ecosystem through poaching, undevelopmental farming, bush burning and forest destruction.
4. Are rural dwellers 'naturally environmentally friendly'?
No. No one is environmentally friendly by nature, because we have not always been informed of the risk our planet runs. It is thanks to progress in research that we now know that there is destruction, the level of destruction, disappearing species and what we can do to stop it. Whan we know that even in urban areas, many people do not know about the effects of climate change or that those who know do not take any action, how much more of rural areas?

In all, we must take the campaign against climate change to rural areas, while putting pressure on economic and political actors to extend dividents of sustainable development to those who pay more.

my four core values

I lived for a long time without specific values. However, I now have four core values
1. Integraity: I am what I say I am. I keep my promises
2. Leadership: I am not too chocked with the present, I plan for tomorrow
3. Synegy: I partner with people for specific goals
4. Spirituality: I never trade my faith for anything